Child to Parent Communication by passing data on action

In this section also we talk about the same dispatch Events concept again.

Create and Dispatch Events

To create an event, use the CustomEvent() constructor.

The CustomEvent() constructor has one required parameter, which is a string indicating the event type.
You can use any string as your event type But recommend are
No uppercase letters
No spaces
Use underscores to separate words
Don’t prefix your event name with the string on, because inline event handler names must start with the string on
To dispatch an event, call the EventTarget.dispatchEvent() method.
In LWC EventTarget is this

Complete demo of the components.

fig: Child to Parent Communication by simple action

How to pass data from child to parent component

Create two LWC components navbarParentComponent and navbarChildComponent.
Create Css file in both the components.
Add the code to the corresponding file from the code given below.

navbarParentComponent

navbarParentComponent.js

import { LightningElement } from 'lwc';

export default class NavbarParentComponent extends LightningElement {
    selectedPlayer = null;
    navList = [
        {
            id: 1,
            name: 'Virat Kohli',
            imgUrl:
                'https://www.cricbuzz.com/a/img/v1/152x152/i1/c170661/virat-kohli.jpg',
            country: 'India',
            rating: '922',
            position: '1',
            selected: false
        },
        {
            id: 2,
            name: 'Steven Smith',
            imgUrl:
                'https://www.cricbuzz.com/a/img/v1/152x152/i1/c170624/steven-smith.jpg',
            country: 'Australia',
            rating: '913',
            position: '2',
            selected: false
        },
        {
            id: 3,
            name: 'Kane Williamson',
            imgUrl:
                'https://www.cricbuzz.com/a/img/v1/152x152/i1/c170733/kane-williamson.jpg',
            country: 'New Zealand',
            rating: '887',
            position: '3',
            selected: false
        },
        {
            id: 4,
            name: 'Joe Root',
            imgUrl:
                'https://www.cricbuzz.com/a/img/v1/152x152/i1/c170942/joe-root.jpg',
            country: 'England',
            rating: '710',
            position: '4',
            selected: false
        },
        {
            id: 5,
            name: 'David Warner',
            imgUrl:
                'https://www.cricbuzz.com/a/img/v1/152x152/i1/c170635/david-warner.jpg',
            country: 'Australia',
            rating: '687',
            position: '5',
            selected: false
        }
    ];
    selectedNavHandler(event) {
        const playerName = event.detail;
        this.selectedPlayer = this.navList.find(
            item => item.name === playerName
        );
    }
}

navbarParentComponent.html

<template>
    <lightning-card title="Event with Data" icon-name="custom:custom14">
        <div class="slds-m-around_medium">
    <h3>
        select your favourite cricketer in child component and see details in
        parent component
    </h3>
    <div class="flex">
        <p>I am parent component</p>
        <c-navbar-child-component nav-list={navList} onselection={selectedNavHandler}></c-navbar-child-component>

        <template if:true={selectedPlayer}>
            <div class="card">
                <div>
                    <img src={selectedPlayer.imgUrl} alt="Avatar" style="width:100%" />
                </div>
                <div class="container">
                    <p><strong>Player Name:</strong> {selectedPlayer.name}</p>
                    <p><strong>Ranking:</strong> {selectedPlayer.position}</p>
                    <p><strong>country:</strong> {selectedPlayer.country}</p>
                    <p><strong>Rating:</strong> {selectedPlayer.rating}</p>
                </div>
            </div>
        </template>
    </div>
</div>
</lightning-card>
</template>

navbarParentComponent.css

h3{
    font-size: 20px;
}
.card {
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
    transition: 0.3s;
    max-width: 400px;
    display: flex;
    max-height: 250px;
    border-radius: 5px;
    margin: auto;
}

.card:hover {
    box-shadow: 0 8px 16px 0 rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);
}

img {
    border-radius: 5px 5px 0 0;
}

.container {
    padding: 2px 16px;
    max-width: 400px;
}
.center {
    display: block;
    margin-left: auto;
    margin-right: auto;
    width: 50%;
}

.flex {
    display: flex;
    border: 5px solid black;
}
@media screen and (max-width: 768px) {
    .flex {
        flex-direction: column;
    }
}

navbarParentComponent.js-meta.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<LightningComponentBundle xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
    <apiVersion>48.0</apiVersion>
    <isExposed>true</isExposed>
    <targets>
        <target>lightning__AppPage</target>
        <target>lightning__RecordPage</target>
        <target>lightning__HomePage</target>
    </targets>
</LightningComponentBundle>

In the parent component,navbarParentComponent.html we have created a lightning-card to give our component better looks and feel
Withing thelightning-card we are calling the child component c-navbar-child-component.
In navbarParentComponent .js file, we have created a selectedPlayer and navList local property and both are initialized with null and array of objects respectively.Apart from properties we have created a selectedNavHandler method that will get's called once the child will pass the data.
While calling the child component c-navbar-child-component we are passing down the data of navList property and also listeining to the event using onselection handler.
Below child component, we are using card to show the details of the selectedPlayer.

navbarChildComponent

navbarChildComponent.js

import { LightningElement, api } from 'lwc';

export default class NavbarChildComponent extends LightningElement {
    @api navList;
    handleNavSelection(event) {
        event.preventDefault();
        const selectEvent = new CustomEvent('selection', {
            detail: event.target.name
        });
        // Fire the custom event
        this.dispatchEvent(selectEvent);
    }
}

navbarChildComponent.html

<template>
    <p>I am Child component</p>
    <div class="vertical-menu">
        <template for:each={navList} for:item="list">
            <a href="javascript:void(0);" class={list.className} name={{list.name}} key={list.id}
                onclick={handleNavSelection}>{list.name}</a>
        </template>
    </div>
</template>

navbarChildComponent.css

:host {
    border: 5px solid red;
    padding: 2rem;
    margin: 2rem;
}
.vertical-menu {
    width: 200px;
}

.vertical-menu a {
    background-color: #00354e;
    border: 1px solid white;
    color: white;
    display: block;
    padding: 12px;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.vertical-menu a:hover {
    background-color: #ccc;
}

.vertical-menu a.active {
    background-color: #01344e;
    color: white;
}

navbarChildComponent.js-meta.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<LightningComponentBundle xmlns="http://soap.sforce.com/2006/04/metadata">
    <apiVersion>48.0</apiVersion>
    <isExposed>false</isExposed>
</LightningComponentBundle>

In navbarChildComponent we have created one public property navList that will recieve the data from the parent. To make it public property we are using @api
Once child component recieve the data we are using for:each to loop the data and showing on screen.
We have added a click handler to the list loaded in the child component and on click we are calling handleNavSelection method.
In handleNavSelection method we are creating the custom event and passing the data by mapping it to detail property. Once event gets created we dispatch it to parent.
Once parent recieve the event it will extract the data using event.detail and show the selectedPlayer on the screen

  this.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('close'))

Once close event get's triggered it gonna catch my the method modalCloseHandler which is map to the c-modal-child-component component onclose attribute.
Once modalCloseHandler get called it makes the showModal property false and hide the c-modal-child-component component

Output

After placing the component on the page, you will see the following output.